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clinical peer review
Clinical Peer Review is the process by which health care professionals evaluate each other’s clinical performance. Clinical peer review is segmented by discipline. No inter-disciplinary models for clinical peer review have been described. Physician Peer Review is most common and is found in virtually all hospitals.〔Edwards MT, Benjamin EM. The process of peer review in US hospitals. (Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management. 2009(Oct);16(10):461-467. )〕 Peer review is also done in some settings by other clinical disciplines including nursing and pharmacy. Initially used by Dans,〔Dans P.E., Clinical peer review: burnishing a tarnished image. (Annals of Internal Medicine 1993;118(7):566-568. )〕 Clinical Peer Review is the best term to collectively refer to all such activity.
Medical peer review is the process by which a committee of physicians examines the work of a peer and determines whether the physician under review has met accepted standards of care in rendering medical services. Depending on the specific institution, a medical peer review may be initiated at the request of a patient, a physician, or an insurance carrier. The term "peer review" is sometimes used synonymously with performance appraisal.
==Definitions==
The definition of a peer review body can be broad, including not only individuals but also (for example, in Oregon), "tissue committees, governing bodies or committees including medical staff committees of a () health care facility...or any other medical group in connection with bona fide medical research, quality assurance, utilization review, credentialing, education, training, supervision or discipline of physicians or other health care providers."
Clinical peer review should be distinguished from the peer review that medical journals use to evaluate the merits of a scientific manuscript, from the peer review process used to evaluate health care research grant applications, and, also, from the process by which clinical teaching might be evaluated. All these forms of peer review are confounded in the term Medical peer review. Moreover, Medical peer review has been used by the American Medical Association (AMA) to refer not only to the process of improving quality and safety in health care organizations, but also to process by which adverse actions involving clinical privileges or professional society membership may be pursued.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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